Single-stage vs. Two-stage Reconstruction of Glenoid Defects in Revision Shoulder Arthroplasty

Abstract

Glenoid pathologies are a common indication for shoulder arthroplasty revisions. In most revision cases, it is associated with rotator cuff defects or insufficiencies. Hence, only the reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) can be considered as a revision implant. It is necessary to restore the three-dimensional (3D) glenoid anatomy and the glenoid joint line as physiologically as possible to achieve a stable fixation of the glenoid component, to avoid inferior glenoid notching, and to achieve an optimal biomechanical function of the residual rotator cuff and the deltoid muscles. The glenoid joint line “Zero Line” in the coronal plane is particularly important here. In addition, superior inclination or medialization must be avoided at all costs.